Cadmium in paddy soils may be absorbed by the plant once the soils was polluted by cadmium, which can also enter the human body through the food chain and thus threat to human health. Rice cultivars and soil types have significant influences on cadmium absorption and accumulation. Therefore, the effect of cadmium bioavailability and different rice cultivars on cadmium absorption need to be considered during establishing the safety threshold of agricultural products and assessing human health risk. This paper reviewed the influence of rice cultivars and soil types on cadmium absorption and accumulation, and described the prediction model which often used for bioavailability of heavy metal currently. We wish it could provide effective tools for the environmental risk assessment, the establishment of soil environment quality standards and agricultural product safety threshold, and also could provide the reference for the production of safety green rice.