The objective of this research was to discover the formation mechanism of wheat production through study the impact of straw-return and fertilizer-N application on grain yield, yield components and nutrient absorption of winter wheat, and soil nutrient availability in Huang-huai-hai plain’s cropland. The results showed that under the same fertilization conditions, the way of straw-return had the trend of increasing the production of winter wheat, but the effect was only significant in the fertilizer-N application of 150 and 200 kg/hm2; Generally, straw-return can raise the production by the rate of 6.34%-12.17%. It was mainly because straw–return increased 1 000-kernel weight; and it may be also related to the reason that straw-return increased the aboveground nitrogen absorption of winter wheat in the time of jointing-heading. Meanwhile, straw-return with nitrogen fertilizer increased the contents of soil alkali-hydro nitrogen and rapidly-available potassium, which provided fertility foundation for crop nutrient uptake. Compared with no nitrogen fertilizer, rising grain yield by application of fertilizer mainly was due to the increase of panicles per unit area, but grain productions under the different applications of nitrogen fertilizer had no significant difference, which indicated that the local conventional application of nitrogen fertilizer was in part a potential way of saving fertilizer.