Although Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria are generally regarded as the major contributors of naturally occurred manganese oxides, only little effort has been devoted to investigate the community composition and diversity of Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria in the terrestrial soil environment so far. In the current study, the stratified soils with iron-manganese nodules were sampled to isolate the culturable Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria and to determine their Mn(II)-oxidizing activities as well as to identify their community diversity. The results showed that most culturable Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria occurred in the A-horizon (0-20 cm) soil, whereas most Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria with high activities occurred in B- (20-40 cm) and C-horizon (>75 cm) soils. 7 novel Mn(II)-oxidizing bacterial genera were found in this study from the isolates with high Mn(II)-oxidizing activity through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and related phylogenetical affiliation analysis. Moreover, PCR-DGGE profiles revealed that five randomly selected high Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria were not abundant in the corresponding soil, which provided an insight of possible relationship between Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria and their survival soil environment.