Based on field tests and laboratory analyses, spatial variations of soil salt, pH value and nutrients in Minqin Lake area of Shiyang River lower reaches were studied. The results showed that the maximum of soil conductivity, soil pH value and available potassium were located in desert region and the minimum in oasis, while the maximum of available nitrogen and available phosphorus were located in oasis and the minimum in desert. The changes of soil conductivity and soil pH value were slightly complicated from the top to deeper layer. Soil nutrients in the study area were of abundant nitrogen, rich potassium but poor phosphorus; in horizontal and vertical direction, soil conductivity, N, P, and K all showed medium variation, while soil pH value small variation. Only soil conductivity of the top layer and at 60 cm had medium degrees of autocorrelation. Soil conductivity of other layers all showed pure nugget effect, showing it was easily affected by random factors. Soil pH value showed medium or strong autocorrelation. The nugget of pH value was small in each soil layer, meaning it was mainly affected by natural factors. Available nitrogen and potassium showed medium or strong autocorrelation. Available phosphorus showed pure nugget effect, meaning it was affected by random factors.