盐城药用菊花连作障碍形成原因初步研究
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国家自然科学基金项目(30770073)和江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目资助


Primary study on mechanism of medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium continuous cropping obstacles in Yancheng
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    摘要:

    以连作1年、3年、7年、15年的菊花田土壤和菊花为研究对象,考察各处理组菊花产量、发病率、土壤及菊花样品中的元素含量、土壤中可培养微生物数量及酚酸类化感物质的含量,进一步探讨不同浓度对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、香豆酸、香豆素等化感物质对菊花组培苗生长的影响。结果表明:随着连作年限的增加,菊花的产量逐渐降低,发病率逐渐增加,连作15年的菊花产量仅为初茬菊花产量的19.80%,种植15年菊花的发病率达到100%。土壤中硼元素含量随连作年限的增加而逐渐减少。连作15年的菊花植株中的氮、磷、钾、铁、锰、铜、锌、硼8种元素含量,与其他组相比均有较大程度的降低。随着连作年限的增加,土壤真菌化严重,细菌和放线菌数量在3年达到最大,15年显著降低。土壤中香豆酸含量随着种植年限的增加而逐渐增加,连作7年后土壤中检测出香豆素残留。低浓度对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸及香豆酸对菊花组培苗生长发育影响不大,但香豆素、混合酚酸及高浓度的香豆酸显著抑制菊花组培苗生长和根的发育。酚酸物质积累、微生物区系的改变、土壤微量元素硼的减少可能是菊花连作障碍的主要原因。

    Abstract:

    In this paper Chrysanthemum morifolium fields were planted continuously for 1, 3, 7 and 15 years were selected and the output of C. morifolium, disease incidence, elements in the soil and plants, the culturable microbes, phenolic acids in the soil and their effects on the growth of C. morifolium were studied. The results showed that output decreased gradually and disease incidence increased gradually. The flower yield for continuous cropping 15 years was 19.80% of one year’s. Disease incidence reached to 100% for continuous cropping 15 years. The content of soil boron decreased with the increasing years of C. morifolium continuous cropping, while other elements including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganece, copper and zinc did not change significantly. All the above eight element of plant in the continuous cropping 15 years were decreased significantly than those of other cropping years. Fungi colony forming unit (CFU) of soil increased significantly with the increasing of cropping years. CFU of bacteria and actinomycete reached to highest in 3 year cropping field, but decreased significantly in 15 year cropping field, which indicated a shift of soil microflora from bacteria type to fungi type. The content of p-coumaric acid in soil increased with the increasing cropping years and coumarins appeared in 7 year cropping soil. The biomass and root of C. morifolium were not affected by low content of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid and p-coumaric acid, but they were significantly inhibited by coumarins, mixed phenolic acids and high concentration of p-coumaric acid. The continuous cropping obstacles of C. morifolium may be related to phenolic acids accumulation, microflora’s changes and the lack of microelement B, which affected the microenvironment and the growth of C. morifolium.

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刘晓珍,肖 逸,戴传超.盐城药用菊花连作障碍形成原因初步研究[J].土壤,2012,44(6):1035-1040. LIU Xiao-zhen, XIAO Yi, DAI Chuan-chao. Primary study on mechanism of medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium continuous cropping obstacles in Yancheng[J]. Soils,2012,44(6):1035-1040

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  • 在线发布日期: 2013-01-06
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