Fusarium wilt of melon caused by Fusarium oxysporum (FO) is considered a critical problem in most melon crop zones because it can cause serious economic losses. Thus, it is necessary to gain data on FO persistence from soils under different environment conditions. The objective of this study was to identify the optimum soil habitat for pathogenic F.oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON) and F.oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC). After FON and FOC were added to sterilized soil, we monitored the microcosms at different time points over a 40-d period, during which all cultivation-dependent analyses were performed. The survival of FON and FOC strain, expressed as the number of CFU/g soil, was then determined by dilution plating onto selective medium agar. The optimal temperature for FO was 21 – 30℃, and high temperature like 45℃?could suppress the growth of FO. The optimal soil moisture was 20%; at this condition FO breeding rapidly, while the growth of FO was clearly suppressed at 5% soil moisture. The eligible pH for FO growth was acid environment at the range of 4 – 5.5, the growth of FO was suppressed when the soil pH excessed 7.0. The population of F.oxysporum could be reduced by high temperature, water shortage and alkaline soil. By creating the corresponding environmental conditions; we may control the happening and development of the plant disease caused by F.oxysporum in some degree.