Limiting soil factors on rice yield vary with the change in agricultural management. Identifying and analyzing the main limiting soil factors on rice production under the current conditions play a key role on decision-making in rice production management. 51 couples of soil samples and soil properties from Jinxian County in the Poyang Lake region, China, were collected and analyzed. The estimation of crop yield in the same soil sampling site was also carried out. Based on PCA for soil properties and correlation analysis between principal components and rice yield, the dominant limiting soil factors on rice production were discussed. The results indicated that 1) soil potassium factor and soil physical structure factor were significantly correlated with the rice yields as the two limiting soil factors with the Pearson coefficient of 0.325 (P<0.05) and 0.411 (P<0.01), respectively; 2) under the waterlogged conditions, although soil acidification contributed to rice production insignificantly, the leaching loss of base cations such as Ca²⁺and Mg²⁺ caused by soil acidification could also affect the crop production; and 3) the impact of soil gleying on rice growth was weakened with the improvement of drainage and irrigation facilities in the paddy.