An open field experiment with sandy loam and different levels of nitrogen application (normal application and adding 15% based on normal application) was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen leaching at the maturing stage on growth, chemical composition, neutral aroma components and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco in the central Henan Province. The results showed nitrogen leaching was beneficial to control tobacco growing at later stages, promote leaves mature, reduce the content of protein, nicotine, potassium, total nitrogen and chlorine, increase the content of total sugar and reducing sugar, harmonize chemical composition. Under the condition of higher nitrogen application, percentage of middle and upper tobacco leaves bearing nitrogen leaching was 18.03% higher than that not bearing nitrogen leaching, and average price 20.23% higher; moreover, the treatment of nitrogen leaching and higher nitrogen application compared with the other treatments, tobacco’s output value per unit area increased by 12.72%–32.97%, and the content of neutral aroma components of upper tobacco leaves increased by 15.75%–23.55%. Thus, that increasing nitrogen application amount appropriately and uniting with nitrogen leaching at the maturing stage not only benefited growth and dry matter accumulation at early and middle stage of tobacco, boosting the contents of neutral aroma substances, ripening during maturing stage, but also made greater sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco, average price, yield and output value per unit area, and eventually expanded its economic efficiency.