A consecutive 3-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different fertilization structure on soil acidity, exchange capacity and soil microflora in acid yellow brown soil. The results indicated that consecutive application of organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer application combined with lime and dolomite powders reduced significantly soil exchangeable acid and exchangeable Al³⁺, and increased soil pH. The amelioration effects of different fertilization structure were organic fertilizer application combined with lime>organic fertilizer application combined with dolomite fines >organic fertilizer. Consecutive application of organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer combined with lime mainly increased soil exchangeable Ca²⁺, while combining with dolomite fines principally promoted soil exchangeable Mg²⁺. Organic fertilizer application combined with lime and dolomite fines both reduced the population of soil fungi, but increased bacteria/fungi ratio, actinomycetes/fungus ratio and the population of bacteria and actinomycetes, which changed the structure of microbial community, and increased the yield and value of tobacco leaves.