A field micro-plot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different placements and species of phosphorus (P) fertilizers on rice growth, P uptake by rice and P concentration in surface water after fertilization, providing a scientific basis for root zone P fertilization. P fertilizer species included mono-calcium phosphate (MCP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP), P fertilizer application methods included: 1) surface broadcasting; 2) point placement with 5 cm below and 3 cm away from seedling; 3) point placement with 5 cm below and 12 cm away from seedling. The results showed that no differences were observed between P and P-free treatments in rice yield in both regions, and rice yield in Jiangyan was greater than that in Guangde. Total P uptake by rice was significantly affected by P applied placements. The yield for 3 cm-point placement of MCP was 13% and 12% higher than that for 12 cm-point placement of MCP in Jiangyan and Guangde, respectively. The yield for the treatment with DAP was significantly higher than that with MCP in 12 cm-point placement, and increased percentages were 12% and 16% in Jiangyan and Guangde, respectively. Although relatively high total P uptake by rice was found in surface broadcasting treatments at tillering stage, 3 cm-point placement performed better than surface broadcasting at maturing stage. After 10 days of fertilization, P concentration in surface water for surface broadcasting treatment was 245% (Jiangyan) and 94% (Guangde) higher than that for point placement treatment. These results suggested that: 1) reasonable point placement of P application not only promoted P uptake by rice, but also inhibited P loss from paddy fields with surface water drainage; 2) DAP could place relatively more far away from seedling than MCP.