Seasonal variations of different organic phosphorus (OP) composition and their relationship with phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities in Phragmites communis rhizosphere soil were studied by one-year experiment of Yeyahu wetland. The results showed that the contents of different OP compositions were ranked in the order of labile OP (L-OP)Phragmites communis. Meanwhile, MR-OP and HR-OP contents also decreased at this stage. In the mineralization process, HR-OP mainly conversed to ML-OP, MR-OP and ML-OP mainly conversed to L-OP. Besides, the activities of phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase also decreased to the lowest values of PhOH 0.37 mg/(g·h) and PN 62 ?g/(g·h) respectively. There were significant correlations between L-OP, ML-OP, and HR-OP contents with phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities respectively, indicating the contents of L-OP and ML-OP will have significant impacts on phosphatase activity, and phosphatases can hydrolyze the stable organic phosphorus component. In the decay period of Phragmites communis, the dead root and shedding contributed to the process of metabolism of microorganisms, and then improved the phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere soil.