In this research, Dingyuan County was chosen as a case in the Jianghuai hilly region. A total of 1 401 soil samples were obtained from soil testing and formulated fertilization of Dingyuan County. Spatial variability of organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) in the surface layer of soils in this region were analyzed using the Geostatistics and GIS method. The factors influencing the spatial variability of soil nutrients were also investigated by means of correlation analysis and variance of analysis. The results showed that the average contents of SOM, TN, AP and AK were 17.74 g/kg, 1.04 g/kg, 3.45 mg/kg and 115.00 mg/kg, respectively. The coefficients of variation for these soil nutrients ranged from 28.85% to 73.38%, belonging to a moderate level of variation. Geostatistical analysis suggested that semivariance functions of soil nutrients were fitted by exponential model. There was a moderate spatial autocorrelation among these soil nutrients. Spatial autocorrelation of SOM and TN was slightly stronger than that of AP and AK. Soil nutrients were distributed spatially in patches. The contents of SOM, TN and AK decreased along the direction from southeast to northwest in spatial distribution. AP content decreased from west to east of Dingyuan County. Topography and soil types were main factors influencing the spatial variability of soil nutrients in Dingyuan County.