The optimal allocation of regional resources can be realized according to spatial differentiation of land use benefit, which is very important to reasonably determine land use benefit. The difference in land use type reflect the diversity of benefit. This study selected the agricultural land and construction land as two major land use types in the Chaohu Lake Basin with the rapid development of social economy and urbanization, constructed different evaluation index system according to the differentiation, constructed the evaluation logic models of the comprehensive benefits of agricultural land and construction land, respectively, calcuated and comprehensively assessed the use benefits of agricultural land amd construction by using Entropy Weight, TOPSIS Model and two dimensional quadrant method. The results showed that the use benefit of agricultural land was low overall, ranged from 0.074 0 to 0.712 9, exitsed significant regional differences, Luyang District, Baohe District, Changfeng County and Shucheng County belonged to the higher value regions, while Wuwei County, He Xian County and Jin’an District to lower value regions with the benefit lower than 0.100 0; The use benefit of construction land also existed significant regional differenes, ranged from 0.048 7 to 0.918 4, the higher value regions included Hefei City and adjacent Feixi County, Feidong County and Changfeng County, while the lower value regions included Chaohu City, Lujiang County, Hexian County, Hanshan County, Jin’an District and Shucheng County. The numbers of evaluation units classfied into the four quadrant types were 4, 1, 5 and 4, respectively. With the combination of the connotation of different quadrant types, the countermeasures were proposed for in each county or district for promoting the use efficiency of agricultural land and construction land.