The environmental pollution of residual pesticides in agricultural soils becomes more and more serious because of substantive application of pesticides in agricultural practices. Therefore, the application and pollution status of pesticides, including herbicide, insecticide and fungicide, in agricultural soils in China were presented in this review. The harm of pesticide resistance and the risks of residual pesticides on ecological and human health were analyzed. The development of microbial remediation, phytoremediation and mycorrhizal bioremediation on pesticide contaminated agricultural soils were also introduced. On this basis, the control strategies of comprehensive treatment of pesticide contaminated agricultural soils were proposed.