Different extractants of Mehlich3, ASI, Bray, DTPA and HCl were employed to determine the contents of phosphorous and aluminum contents in soils and in different organs of Camellia oleifera, and their correlations were also analyzed. The results showed that ASI obtained the highest soil phosphorus content (4.12 mg/kg), while Bray got the lowest content. The contents of extracted soil aluminum were in an order of HCl-Al>Bray-Al>M3-Al>ASI-Al>DTPA-Al. Soil phosphorus and aluminum contents determined by different extractants had significant positive correlation. Phosphorus and aluminum contents in Camellia oleifera leaves were highest, aluminum content was up to 14.22 g/kg, 11.5—28.1 times of those in other organs. There were significant positive correlations between Phosphorus content in Camellia oleifera leaves HCl-P, and aluminum content in leavrs and HCl-Al. This study suggests that 0.01 mol/L HCl extraction can be applied to simultaneously measure soil phosphorus and aluminum contents, and to evaluate their bioavailability to Camellia oleifera.