As one of main oil crops in China and even in the world, rape has a huge demand for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers, but its use efficiency of N and P is too low, which may result in resource waste and environmental pollution. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been added to many biological fertilizers in recent years because it can promote plant growth and improve nutrient uptake. The present study investigated the effects of two RGPRs ( Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus pumilus) on growth and nutrient uptake of rape under different N and P application levels by soil culture experiment in order to provide the theoretical foundation for the fertilizer development and fertilization technology for rape. The results showed that the dry weight of aboveground part of rape under N or P deficiency was only 20% of that under normal N and P application; B. megaterium promoted the growth of rape and improved the uptake of P, K, Zn and B under normal N and P application, but had no effects under N or P deficiency; B. pumilus had no effects under N or P deficiency and normal N and P application. Therefore, the application of N and P fertilizers is critical for the growth of rape, and B. megaterium has growth-promoting effects under proper N and P application.