This study investigated the effects of straw mulch, straw-derived biochar and swine manure on runoffs and erosion rates in slope cropland of red soil based on the monitoring data of erosion plots. The results showed that soil erosion rate reached 36 t/hm² (belonging to middle erosion level) in 2015, in which 78%-86% occurred in peanut season. Compared to no fertilization (CK), NPK treatment (only chemical fertilizers) did not reduced runoff and erosion rate (P>0.05). Compared to NPK treatment, straw mulch treatment (NPK+Straw mulch) significantly reduced runoff and erosion rate (P<0.05), biochar treatment (MPK+biochar) only significantly decreased runoff (P<0.05), and swine manure treatment (NPK+Swine manure) increased runoff (P<0.05) but decreased erosion significantly (P<0.05). In red soil region, straw resource is rare so straw mulch is impossible as a common measurement for erosion control. Biochar is prone to be eroded due to its low binding energy, fine particles and low density, so no positive effect was observed in this study. Comparatively, swine manure, as a plentiful resource, can increase soil fertility and aggregate stability and reduce soil erosion considerably, thus, is a good conservation practice in slope cropland in red soil region.