The geochemical characteristics of eight heavy metal elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) along the marginal zone of Bosten Lake Wetland were analyzed. The pollution and environmental risks of heavy metals in farmland soils were analyzed based on Pollution Load Index (PLI), Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI) and Ecological Risk Warning Index(I_ER). Results indicated that: 1) Pb and Zn were at high pollution levels, where as As, Cd, Cr and Ni at light pollution level, Cu at slightly pollution level and Mn at no pollution level. The average contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in soils were at slight ecological risk status. Cd was at the highest pollution level and ecological risk; 2) The average value of PLI for heavy metals was 1.43, which showed a light pollution level. The average value of RI was 20.62, which suggested a light ecological risk situation. The average value of I_ER was –4.53, which indicated a no warning situation. The spatial distribution of PLI, RI and I_ER were similar. 3) Pb and Zn of farmland soil along the marginal zone of wetland were affected mainly by the human activities, whereas Cr, Cu, Mn and Ni were affected mainly by the geochemical background of soil, and the main sources of As and Cd may be affected by the interaction of human activities and natural factors.