Abstract:In this paper, the fertilization data of 13 667 farmlands in 19 provinces and the data of field experiments in 32 nutrient monitoring points in 22 provinces were collected and analyzed to study the fertilizer rates, yield-increasing rates, fertilizer use efficiencies (FUE) and agronomical efficiencies (AE) of grains in China. The results showed that fertilizer rates of rice, wheat and maize were 294.8, 263.6 and 269.6 kg/hm2, respectively. Yield-increasing rates of N were 28.4%, 30.9% and 26.4%, P were 9.2%, 14.3% and 12.2%, K were 11.1%, 7.1% and 11.0%, respectively. FUEN were 27.3%, 38.2% and 31.0%, FUEP were 13.0%, 16.9% and 15.3%, FUEK 28.1%, 25.6% and 30.5%, respectively. AEN were 11.3, 11.1 and 10.1 kg/kg, AEP were 9.1, 7.9 and 9.8 kg/kg, AEK were 7.2, 5.6 and 8.1 kg/kg, respectively. The excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer accounted for about 25% - 40% while the insufficient application for about 10% - 25% under the production conditions at that time. FUEN and AEN were 20% - 30% and 10% lower than world average levels, respectively. High fertilizer input of China's grain production did not achieve high fertilizer use efficiency, thus, it is the primary goal to reduce fertilizer rate and to improve fertilizer use efficiency for fertilization policy in China.