生物质炭和秸秆长期还田对红壤团聚体和有机碳的影响
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S156.6;S158.5

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国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200300)和中国科学院重点部署项目(KFZD-SW-112)资助。


Effects of Long-term Application of Biochar and Straws on Red Soil Aggregate Compostion and Organic Carbon Distribution
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    摘要:

    生物质炭和秸秆还田是提高土壤有机碳含量和改良土壤团聚体结构的有效方法,但在长期尺度上生物质炭与秸秆还田改良土壤的效率仍不清楚。本研究针对中亚热带第四纪红黏土发育的红壤,基于等碳量不同碳源投入的5 a田间定位试验,包括对照、单施化肥、秸秆还田、秸秆-猪粪配施和生物质炭还田5个处理,采用干筛和湿筛法分析了不同施肥处理对土壤团聚体组成、稳定性和有机碳分布的影响。研究表明:施用等碳量的不同有机碳源5 a后显著增加了土壤有机碳含量,其增幅顺序为:生物质炭还田>秸秆-猪粪配施>秸秆还田。干筛法分析结果表明:与单施化肥处理相比,秸秆-猪粪配施和生物质炭还田处理显著增加>0.25 mm机械稳定性团聚体含量( R0.25)和平均重量直径(mean weight diameter, MWD);秸秆还田和生物质炭还田处理显著增加了0.25 ~ 2 mm团聚体对土壤有机碳的贡献率。湿筛法分析结果表明:与单施化肥处理相比,秸秆还田和秸秆-猪粪配施处理显著增加R0.25和MWD,但生物质炭还田处理和单施化肥处理相比差异不显著;秸秆还田和秸秆-猪粪配施处理显著降低团聚体破坏率(PAD),生物质炭还田处理显著增加了PAD;秸秆配施猪粪处理和秸秆还田处理显著增加了>2 mm团聚体对土壤有机碳的贡献率。总体上,秸秆配施猪粪协同提高团聚体有机碳含量和团聚体稳定性的作用比秸秆还田和生物质炭还田要强。

    Abstract:

    The applications of biochar and straws are effective methods to improve soil organic carbon and soil aggregate composition. However, their effectiveness in improving soil quality is unclear at the long-term scale. In this study, a 5-year field experiment was conducted to study the impact of organic manure and biochar with equal amount of carbon input on soil aggregate composition, stability and organic carbon contents in an upland red soil in middle subtropical region. The study included five treatments: blank treatment (CK), fertilizer (N), straw (NS), the mixed application of pig manure and straw (NSM) and the biochar (NB). Soil aggregate size fraction was examined by dry and wet sieving methods, respectively. The results showed that soil organic carbon contents increased significantly after 5-year application of different types of organic carbon sources, and the order was as follows: NB> NSM> NS. For dry sieving, the results revealed that macro-aggregate contents ( R0.25) and mean weight diameters (MWD) were significantly higher under NSM and NB treatments than the N treatment. In general, the contributing rates of macro-aggregates to SOC in 0.25-2 mm fraction increased under NS and NB treatments. For wet sieving, the results revealed that R0.25 and mean weight diameters MWD were significantly higher under NSM and NS treatments than the N treatment. The percentage of aggregate destruction (PAD) significantly reduced under NS and NSM treatments, but increased under NB treatment. The contributing rates of macro-aggregates to SOC in >2 mm fraction increased under NSM and NS treatments. In general, the mixed application of pig manure and straws had a stronger capacity to improve synergically soil aggregate stability and organic carbon content in comparison with the straw or biochar returning.

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孟祥天,蒋瑀霁,王晓玥,孙 波.生物质炭和秸秆长期还田对红壤团聚体和有机碳的影响[J].土壤,2018,50(2):326-332. MENG Xiangtian, JIANG Yuji, WANG Xiaoyue, SUN Bo. Effects of Long-term Application of Biochar and Straws on Red Soil Aggregate Compostion and Organic Carbon Distribution[J]. Soils,2018,50(2):326-332

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历史
  • 收稿日期:2017-03-07
  • 最后修改日期:2017-03-19
  • 录用日期:2017-03-23
  • 在线发布日期: 2018-04-04
  • 出版日期: 2018-04-25