Influential factors of spatial variabilities and distributions of Cd and Cr were analyzed in topsoils of Zhaoyuan County, a major agricultural county. The results showed that the average concentrations of Cd and Cr in topsoils were 0.078 mg/kg and 46.006 mg/kg, respectively, slightly higher than those of the Songnen Plain; the ratios of nugget/sill were 0.432 for Cd and 0.227 for Cr, respectively, indicating a moderate spatial autocorrelation for Cd and a strong one for Cr. Anisotropy analyses suggested that the spatial autocorrelation of Cd and Cr were dependent on the direction, and there were the most obvious spatial autocorrelation in 45°(northeast-southwest) and 135°(southeast-northwest) direction. Correlation coefficients of Cd and Cr between topsoil and parental material were 0.167 and 0.639, respectively (P<0.01). Variance analyses of Cd and Cr in topsoils under different parent materials showed that F values were 0.627 and 0.975, respectively, indicated that the spatial distributions of Cd and Cr were dominated by parent material, while also affected by soil type and pH value, land use type and cover type.