The soil geochemical data in Tengzhou were analyzed statistically to determine the factors influencing Se content in topsoil. The results showed that the background value of soil Se was 0.08 mg/kg with the lower limit of abnormality was 0.17 mg/kg. The average content of topsoil Se was 0.23 mg/kg with the standard deviation of 0.144 mg/kg and the variation coefficient of 62.6%. The analysis results of soil index correlation, principal components and enrichment factor calculation found that topsoil Se anomaly was mainly influenced by human factors, and topsoil Se contents in different regions was in order of coal mining areas> heavy traffic areas> farmland. In the vertical direction of soil profile, Se content decreased faster in soils around coal mines than in soils not directly affected by coal mines, at the same time, the change rate was greater and the turning point appeared earlier in the former than the latter. Therefore, Se anomaly in topsoil in Tengzhou is mainly affected by coal mining.