Based on the long-term location experiment of organic planting in Quzhou Experimental Station of China Agricultural University, 3 soil physical indexes, 9 soil chemical indexes and 4 soil biological indexes were selected to evaluate soil fertility quality in organic planting(ORG), low-input planting(LOW) and conventional planting (CON) by principal component analysis. The results showed that: 1)ORG reduced soil bulk density and increased water content compared with LOW and CON. Under ORG, soil water stable macroaggregates increased to 58.02%. To sum up, ORG can improve physical environment of greenhouse soil. 2)ORG increased the content of soil organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Soil pH and EC values differed little under different planting patterns. However, ORG increasedsoil cation exchange content, beneficial to improve water and fertility holding ability. 3)Compared with LOW and CON, soil microbial biomass carbon content in ORG increased by 32.84% and 109.30%, respectively. At the same time, the activities of urease, phosphatase and catalase under ORG were higher than thoseunder LOW and CON, beneficial to the improvement of soil microbial diversity. 4)Through principal component analysis of 16 soil fertility quality indexes, the cumulative contribution rate of 3 principal components was 91.052%. The main component score was more sensitive to the change of soil quality. In this experiment, the main component score of ORG, LOW and CON were 1.514, 0.099 and -1.613, respectively, which indicated organic planting significantly improved the fertility quality of greenhouse soil.