凹形双垄侧覆膜对耕层水热环境和上部烟叶生长及质量的影响
作者:
作者单位:

1.湖南农业大学农学院;2.湖南省烟草公司长沙市公司;3.湖南省烟草科学研究所

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中图分类号:

S572;S314

基金项目:

湖南省烟草公司长沙市公司科技项目(CYKJ2015-03)资助。


Effects of Concave Ridge Double-Row and Side Mulching on Moisture and Temperature of Plough Soil and Growth of Tobacco During Late Period of Field-planting and Quality of Tobacco Upper Leaves
Author:
Affiliation:

1.College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University;2.Changsha tobacco company of Hunan province;3.Hunan Tobacco Science Institute

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    摘要:

    为为防止烤烟大田后期早衰和提高上部烟叶质量,在湖南省浏阳市研究了单垄不覆膜、凹形双垄不覆膜、凹形双垄侧覆膜对烤烟大田后期根层水热环境、烤烟根系、上部烟叶生长发育、烟叶经济性状和质量的影响。结果表明:在烤烟大田后期,凹形双垄侧覆膜较单垄栽培的土壤水分高1.31% ~ 6.38%,温度低3.30 ~ 4.94 ℃;根的总长度、平均直径、根总体积、根系活力分别提高37.62%、34.92%、69.18%、10.85%;上部烟叶面积、SPAD值、上等烟比例、产值、物理特性指数和化学成分可用性指数分别提高20.61%、10.04%、8.07%、7.20%、5.90% 和25.39%。凹形双垄侧覆膜较不覆膜栽培的土壤水分高1.95% ~ 2.65%,温度低1.41 ~ 3.25 ℃;根的总长度、平均直径、根总体积、根系活力分别提高23.24%、16.44%、28.62%、3.28%;上部烟叶的面积和SPAD值分别提高9.72%、3.21%。因此,凹形双垄侧覆膜栽培具有减少土壤水分蒸发、减缓土温变化和高温危害、促进烤烟后期根系生长、提高烟叶光合能力、提高上部烟叶质量的作用。

    Abstract:

    In order to avoid premature senility of tobacco during late period of field-planting and to improve the quality of tobacco upper leaves, the effects of different planting patterns of tobacco (single ridge, concave ridge double-row, concave ridge double-row and side mulching) on the moisture and temperature of plough soil, the root of tobacco, the growth, output and quality of tobacco upper leaves were studied in Liuyang City, Hunan Province. The results showed that, compared with control (single ridge cultivation), concave ridge double-row and side mulching cultivation increased soil moisture by 1.31%-6.38%, decreased soil temperature by 3.30-4.94 ℃; enhanced the length, diameter, volume and activity of roots by 37.62%, 34.92%, 69.18% and 10.85%, respectively; increased the area, SPAD value, ratio of top rank and output value of tobacco upper leaves by 20.61%, 10.04%, 8.07% and 7.20%, respectively; improved physical character index and chemical component index by 5.90% and 25.39%, respectively. Compared with concave ridge double-row, the concave ridge double-row and side mulching cultivation increased soil moisture by 1.95%-2.65%, decreased soil temperature by 1.41-3.25 ℃; enhanced the length, diameter, volume and activity of roots by 23.24%, 16.442%, 28.62% and 3.28%, respectively; increased the area, SPAD value of tobacco upper leaves by 9.72% and 3.21%, respectively. Therefore, concave ridge double-row and side mulching cultivation is superior to single ridge cultivation in reducing the evaporation of soil water evaporation, retarding the change of soil temperature and the harm of high temperature, promoting the growth of tobacco roots in the late growth stage, improving the photosynthetic capacity of tobacco leaves and increasing the quality of tobacco upper leaves.

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罗井清,邓小华,陈 金,裴晓东,刘勇军,何命军,李 帆.凹形双垄侧覆膜对耕层水热环境和上部烟叶生长及质量的影响[J].土壤,2019,51(5):1013-1019. LUO Jingqing, DENG Xiaohua, CHEN Jin, PEI Xiaodong, LIU Yongjun, HE Mingjun, LI Fan. Effects of Concave Ridge Double-Row and Side Mulching on Moisture and Temperature of Plough Soil and Growth of Tobacco During Late Period of Field-planting and Quality of Tobacco Upper Leaves[J]. Soils,2019,51(5):1013-1019

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历史
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-08
  • 最后修改日期:2018-01-29
  • 录用日期:2018-02-07
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-10-17
  • 出版日期: 2019-10-25