有机氮替代部分无机氮对香蕉生产和土壤性状的影响
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海南大学热带农林学院

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S963.91

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国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0202101)、海南省自然科学基金项目(317040)和国家自然科学基金项目(31672239)资助。


Effects of Partial Substitution of Chemical Nitrogen with Organic Fertilizer on Banana Production and Soil Properties with Serious Disease Incidence
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Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,hainan University

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    摘要:

    改善施肥方式,利用有机肥替代部分化肥是指导农业合理施肥、维持土壤可持续利用、保证我国农业可持续发展的必然趋势。本文研究了有机氮替代部分无机氮对香蕉产量、品质、枯萎病发病率及土壤微生物群落的影响,为香蕉生产中减少化肥使用提供理论依据。试验共设置4个施肥处理:常规氮、磷、钾化肥(T1),商品有机肥替代20% 无机氮肥(T2),商品有机肥替代30% 无机氮肥(T3);商品有机肥替代40% 无机氮肥(T4)。测定香蕉长势、枯萎病的发病率、产量、品质以及土壤理化性质、土壤可培养微生物。结果表明,有机氮肥替代无机氮用量的20% ~ 40% 均能满足香蕉正常生长的需要,并且相比于单施化肥,替代处理香蕉枯萎病发病率显著降低,香蕉产量显著增加,有机氮替代无机氮显著提高土壤有机质,减缓土壤酸化以及提高土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量,同时降低土壤可培养尖孢镰刀菌数量和真菌数量,增加土壤可培养细菌数量,提高B/F,使土壤向细菌型土壤转化。并且香蕉枯萎病发病率与土壤有机质、速效氮磷钾和可培养细菌呈显著负相关,与可培养真菌和尖孢镰刀菌数量呈显著正相关,主成分分析显示T4、T3处理的土壤质量水平最高,T2处理的土壤质量水平次之,T1处理最低。综上,连续有机氮替代40% 无机氮处理提高土壤质量和土壤微生物群落结构、提高土壤抑病性作用、满足香蕉生长、提高香蕉产量最为显著。

    Abstract:

    Partially replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer is the inevitable trend in guiding the rational fertilization, maintaining soil sustainable utilization and ensuring agriculture sustainable development in China. This study investigated the effects of partially replacing chemical nitrogen fertilizer (CNF) with organic fertilizer on the yield, quality and wild disease incidence of banana as well as soil microflora in order to provide theoretical basis for reducing the usage amount of CNF in the banana production. Four treatments were designed: T1, conventional CNF; T2, 20% of CNF replaced by organic nitrogen fertilizer (ONF); T3, 30% of CNF replaced by ONF; T4, 40% of CNF replaced by ONF. The growing conditions, disease incidence, yield and quality of banana, the nutrients and the amount of culturable microbial in soils were measured. The results showed that 20% to 40% of CNF replaced by ONF could meet the normal growth need of banana. Moreover, compared with T1, the substitution treatments (T2, T3 and T4) significantly increased the banana yield, meanwhile significantly reduced the disease incidence of banana fusarium wilt. In addition, the substitution treatments enhanced the contents of soil organic matter, available nitrogen, phosphor and potassium and mitigated soil acidification, which were all significantly negatively correlated with disease incidence. Furthermore, the quantities of culturable soil fungi and culturable fusarium were reduced, which were significantly positively correlated with disease incidence, and the quantity of culturable soil bacteria and B/F ratio were increased in the substitution treatments, principle components analysis showed that T4 and T3 treatments had the highest soil qualities, followed by T2, and T1 was the lowest. In conclusion, 30%-40% substitution treatment is optimal in promoting soil quality and improving soil microbial community structure for banana production.

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王一鸣,赖朝圆,张汉卿,阮云泽,赵 艳,王蓓蓓.有机氮替代部分无机氮对香蕉生产和土壤性状的影响[J].土壤,2019,51(5):879-887. WANG Yiming, LAI Chaoyuan, ZHANG Hanqin, RUAN Yunze, ZHAO Yan, WANG Beibei. Effects of Partial Substitution of Chemical Nitrogen with Organic Fertilizer on Banana Production and Soil Properties with Serious Disease Incidence[J]. Soils,2019,51(5):879-887

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历史
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-18
  • 最后修改日期:2018-03-02
  • 录用日期:2018-03-14
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-10-17
  • 出版日期: 2019-10-25