In this paper, an orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the extraction method of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in red soil and a solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography (SPE-HPLC) method was built for SMZ detection. The method was used to determine different antibiotics including SMZ from different soils. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions for SMZ in the red soil was 10 ml acetonitrile-phosphate buffer as the extracting solution, ultrasonic oscillation time for 15 min and 9 ml methyl alcohol elution. The recovery of 0.25 mg/kg SMZ was 85.58%, indicating this method applicable for the environmental sample analysis. Meanwhile, this method was used to extract other antibiotics, including three sulfa antibiotics (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfadimidin) and two tetracycline antibiotics (oxytetracycline, tetracycline), the average recoveries of 0.25 mg/kg sulfas and tetracyclines were 67.31%-85.58% and 20.81%-59.33%. Under HPLC with UV detection, the detection limit of SMZ was 2.38 μg/kg, showed a good accuracy. Simultaneously, the detection limits of sulfa and tetracycline antibiotics were between 2.38-12.57 μg/kg, indicating this method better suited to detect sulfa antibiotics in soil according to the laboratory quality control standard. Besides, the method was also used to test SMZ recoveries from different soil types, the largest SMZ recovery rate (92.92%) was obtained in fluvo-aquic soil, followed by desert soil, red soil and purple soil, while the lowest recovery rate (53.62%) were in yellow-brown soil. The correlation analysis showed that a significant negative correlation between recovery rate and soil EC, C/N (P<0.01), and CEC, SOM (P<0.05).