Abstract:The effects of straw mulching on nutrient loss from red soil in sloping land and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied by field runoff plots for two years. The results showed that nutrient loss in sediment decreased with the straw amounts. Compared with CK (no straw mulching), straw mulching significantly reduced the loss of organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium (TK) in sediment by 53.97%-82.52%, 61.49%-85.56%, 44.69%-83.75% and 52.52%-81.79%, respectively (P<0.05), and OM, TN, TP and TK in runoff decreased by 59.94%-68.24%, 45.97%-61.16%, 59.74%-62.63% and 47.14%-54.29%, respectively. Nutrient loss tendency from soil was consistent with the change of nutrient content in sediment, and the losses of OM, TN, TP and TK from soil decreased respectively by 56.98%-79.79%, 54.46%-77.00%, 47.88%-80.93% and 51.36%-75.78%,compared with CK. In addition, the losses of OM, TP and TK mainly depended on sediment, the TN loss not only depended on sediment but also runoff. Straw mulching reduced the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar but increased the contents of nicotine, total nitrogen, potassium and sensory scores of tobacco leaves. The losses of OM, TN, TP and TK from soil were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar, and significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with the contents of nicotine and total nitrogen of tobacco leaves. 7 500 kg/hmsup>2 of straw amount is the best practice than others in this study, and which can be applied in tobacco production in red soil sloping land.