The distribution of the arable land is basically influenced by many natural factors among which soil and terrain play fundamental roles. In order to explore the relationship among the arable land, soil and terrain, Henan Province was selected as the research area by using the modified Shannon entropy measure and mutual entropy correlation analysis method to analyze the characteristics and relevance of the diversity patterns of soil, terrain and the arable land of Henan Province. The results showed that the diversity of terrain and soil composition of 18 cities in Henan Province is highly related to the richness number of the corresponding element, but irrelevant to the size of its area. The correlation coefficients of terrain, soil and number of the related element categories were 0.79 and 0.35 respectively, but the correlation coefficient with area was less than 0.1. In addition, the correlation coefficient between terrain spatial diversity and area of Henan Province reaches as high to 0.8. According to the classification of soil spatial distribution diversity index (Y_h), the dominant soils in Henan Province are Chao soil ( Hapli Aquic Cambosol) and Cinnamon soil ( Hapli Ustic Argosol) while the inferior soils are Saline soil ( Salty Aquic Cambosol) and Alkaline soil ( Natric Aquic Cambosol). And the spatial distribution pattern of soil diversity in different cities has significant differences, reflecting the richness of the soils in Henan Province. The correlation among soil, terrain and arable land is as follows: the correlation order between topography and spatial distribution of the arable land is plain > hilly > mountain, except for the basin in the south of Henan and the hills and mountains in the west of Henan. And that between the spatial distribution of soil and the arable land is basically consistent with the spatial distribution pattern of soil in Henan Province.