| 摘要: |
| 氨挥发是太湖流域农田氮肥损失的重要途径之一。本试验采用高时间分辨率的TDLAS-BLS技术研究太湖流域稻田追肥期氨挥发规律及其影响因素。结果表明：追肥后稻田上方空气中氨浓度白天明显大于夜间，而且瞬时波动较大。稻田氨挥发速率呈现先上升后下降的趋势，峰值出现在施肥后的2 ~ 3 d，且氨挥发仅持续1周左右。分蘖期氨挥发速率和损失率均大于抽穗期，两个时期氨挥发损失率分别为36.6%、23.0%。氨挥发集中在较短时间内，分蘖期、抽穗期施肥后前4 d的累积氨挥发量分别占总氨挥发损失的80%、84%。分蘖期风速、光照、气温对稻田氨挥发均具有明显的促进作用，其中光照的作用更为显著；抽穗期风速和气温对氨挥发的影响较低。降雨对氨挥发具有强烈的抑制作用，降雨期间是影响氨挥发产生的主要因素。 |
| 关键词: 激光吸收光谱 反向拉格朗日随机扩散模型 氨挥发 稻田 影响因素 |
| DOI：10.13758/j.cnki.tr.2020.06.010 |
| 分类号:X511 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200304)、江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2017343-1)、国家自然科学基金项目(41501327)和江苏省自然科学基金青年项目(BK20151055)资助。 |
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| Ammonia Emission from Paddy Field Measured by Laser Absorption Spectroscopy in Taihu Lake Region |
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QUE Huali, YANG Wenliang, WANG Shuwei, DING Shijie, SHAO Lingling, ZHU Anning
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State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture / Fengqiu Agro-ecological Experimental Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| Ammonia emission is one of the important pathways of nitrogen fertilizer loss from farmland in the Taihu Lake region. In order to study ammonia emission dynamics and influencing factors of paddy field in the Taihu Lake region, the TDLAS-BLS method with high-temporal resolution was used in this experiment. The results showed that, compared with the night time, the concentration and variability of ammonia above the rice canopy were significantly higher in daytime after fertilization. Ammonia emission increased rapidly, reached a maximum value in 2–3 days after fertilization, and then decreased rapidly. Ammonia emission loss in tillering stage (36.6%) were higher in panicle stage (23.0%), which was mainly concentrated in the initial four days after fertilization, and accounted for 80% and 84% of total ammonia losses for tillering and panicle stages, respectively. In tillering stage, wind speed, solar radiation and air temperature obviously promoted ammonia emission, and solar radiation influenced most. The effects of wind speed and temperature on ammonia emission in panicle stage were low. Precipitation significantly decreased ammonia emission rate, and was the main factor influencing ammonia emission during the rainfall. |
| Key words: Laser absorption spectroscopy Backward Lagrangian stochastic diffusion model Ammonia emission Paddy field Influencing factor |
