Rapid and accurate detection of soil multi-parameters is an inevitable requirement for soil quality assessment and the development of modern precision agriculture. This paper systematically elaborated the research progresses and prospects of methods, techniques and equipment of rapid detection of soil multi-parameters in China, such as soil moisture, salinity, nutrients, pH and temperature. The merits and demerits of different rapid detection methods and techniques were also compared in this paper. In addition, the current situation of soil rapid detection techniques and equipment, the thesis analyzes, the related patent application and the funding project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program were also analyzed. In the future studies, the development of the core hardware and software techniques and integrated systems for the soil multi-parameter rapid detection equipment should be strengthened to accomplished rapidness and intellectualization of soil multi-parameters detection. Furthermore, the investment of science and technology and joint efforts on the methods and techniques for soil multi-parameter rapid detection should also be increased to meet the actual demand of soil multi-parameter rapid detection of China.