Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different soil conditioners and tea formula fertilizers on soil properties and yield and quality components in acidic tea garden. The results showed that all the three soil conditioners could improve soil fertility and yield and quality of tea in different degrees, and the improvement effect of surface soil (0–20 cm) was better than that of subsurface soil (20–40 cm). Among the three soil conditioners, Ya-Kefeng soil conditioner increased soil pH by the highest extent, followed by Tian-Shifu soil conditioner and biochar treatment. Biochar treatment appeared a better comprehensive performance in improving soil fertility and tea yield and quality. The application of biochar in tea garden could significantly increase the contents of soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and also increase the 100-bud weight and germination density of tea, as well as the total amount of free amino acids in leaves.