In order to discover the feasibility and effects of organic fertilizer substituting inorganic fertilizer (‘organic substitution’) in potato production, the effects of single and combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of potato were studied by a field experiment conducted with ‘Youjin’ and ‘Kexin 23’ varieties. Results showed that the application of organic fertilizer significantly increased the plant heights, stem diameters, leaf area indexes and leaf SPAD values of the two varieties(P<0.05), and prolonged the functional period of the above-ground vines and leaves of ‘Youjin’, thereby increased the average tuber weight of ‘Youjin’ (P<0.05). The single application of inorganic fertilizer promoted the growth of vines and roots, the tuber numbers per plant and the accumulation of dry matter in tubers of two varieties. The highest tuber yields of the two varieties were both obtained under the treatment with inorganic fertilizer, which were 41.50 t/hm² for ‘Youjin’ at P₂O₅ 90 kg/hm² application and 41.26 t/hm² for ‘Kexin 23’ at P₂O₅ 135 kg/hm² application. Under the conditions of this experiment, partial or complete ‘organic substitution’ obtained the medium yields of the two potato varieties.