配施有机肥减少太湖地区稻田土壤硝态氮淋失的机理研究
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洛阳师范学院生命科学学院,河南洛阳 471023;南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,南京 210044;土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京 210008;河南省煤炭地质勘查研究总院,郑州 450052

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通讯作者:

尹斌, (byin@issas.ac.cn)

中图分类号:

S143.1;S153.5

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200104)资助


Study on Mechanism of Reducing Nitrate Leaching with Organic Addition from Paddy Field in Taihu Lake Region
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College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China;College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;Henan Province Research Institute of Coal Geological Prospecting, Zhengzhou 450052, China

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    摘要:

    采用田间小区试验,设计两种无机氮肥梯度,研究配施有机肥对太湖地区水稻季土壤氮素淋失的影响,并从水/土\begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document}迁移研究其对土壤\begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document}淋失的影响机制。设置的处理有:对照(CK)、常规施氮(CT)、减氮施肥(RT)、常规施氮下配施有机肥(CT+M)、减氮施肥下配施有机肥(RT+M)。结果发现:①除去2015年的CT处理,两年里30 cm处配施有机肥和单施无机肥处理之间的土壤\begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document}淋失均没有显著差异;80 cm处,CT+M处理的\begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document}淋失较CT处理减少41%,RT+M处理较RT处理减少12%。②无机肥处理的田面水\begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document}和土壤淋溶水\begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document}之间存在极显著线性相关,但是有机肥的参与会削弱二者之间的相关性。③配施有机肥有利于土壤有机质含量的提高,CT+M处理的有机质含量较CT处理提高6.7%。0 ~ 20 cm土层,配施有机肥处理土壤\begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document}含量明显高于无机肥处理;而20 ~ 40 cm土层,二者之间的土壤\begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document}含量差异很小。这表明配施有机肥是通过提高土壤有机质含量,增强土壤表层对\begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document}的吸附固持,从而抑制土壤\begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document}的向下迁移,而不是通过减少田面水\begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document}浓度来实现的。此外,配施有机肥还可以提高土壤质量和水稻产量,促进作物对土壤氮素的吸收,这也是稻田土壤\begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document}淋失减少的一个原因。研究结果为减少农田土壤\begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document}淋失提供了科学依据。

    Abstract:

    Field plot experiment with two nitrogen (N) applying rates was conducted to study the effect of organic addition on N leaching in rice season of Taihu Lake Region, and the mechanism was also studied through nitrate (\begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document}) migration of water and soil. The designed treatments included no nitrogen (CK), conventional chemical N fertilizer (CT, N 300 kg/hm2), reducing N (RT, N 225 kg/hm2), CT+ rapeseed cake fertilizer (CT+M, M 2 250 kg/hm2), RT+rapeseed cake fertilizer (RT+M). The results showed that: 1) There was no significant difference in soil \begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document} leaching between organic addition and inorganic fertilizer treatments at 30 cm depth during the two rice seasons of 2014 and 2015 except CT treatment in 2015. \begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document} leaching at 80 cm depth in CT+M was 41% lower than that in CT, and RT+M produced 12% lower \begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document} leaching loss compared to RT. 2) Floodwater \begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document} under chemical N treatments was significant correlated with soil\begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document} leaching, but the involvement of organic fertilizer weakened the correlation. 3) Organic addition increased soil organic matter content (SOM), and CT+M achieved 6.7% higher than CT. Organic N treatments showed higher soil \begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document} content at 0–20 cm layer compared to chemical N treatments. And soil \begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document} content at 20–40 cm layer differed little between organic N and chemical N treatments. These indicated that organic addition enhanced the absorption and fixation of \begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document} by soil through the improved SOM and thus inhibited the migration of \begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document} to deep soil. The reduced \begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document} leaching under organic addition was not achieved by reducing floodwater \begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document}concentration. Additionally, organic addition improved soil quality and rice yield, promoted crop N uptake, and thus could also explain the reduced \begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document} leaching loss. The results provide scientific basis for decreasing \begin{document}${\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}$\end{document} leaching in farmland.

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张敏,姚元林,曾科,李冰洋,田玉华,尹斌.配施有机肥减少太湖地区稻田土壤硝态氮淋失的机理研究[J].土壤,2020,52(4):766-772. Min ZHANG, Yuanlin YAO, Ke ZENG, Bingyang LI, Yuhua TIAN, Bin YIN. Study on Mechanism of Reducing Nitrate Leaching with Organic Addition from Paddy Field in Taihu Lake Region[J]. Soils,2020,52(4):766-772

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  • 收稿日期:2019-04-15
  • 最后修改日期:2019-05-23
  • 录用日期:2019-05-30
  • 在线发布日期: 2026-07-20
  • 出版日期: 2020-08-25
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