To explore the spectral characteristics and structural differences of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in different types of soil, DOM were extracted from the topsoils (0-20 cm) of black soil, fluvo-aquic soil and red soil, and then DOM spectral characteristics were analyzed by UV-visible and fluorescence spectra. The results showed that dissolved organie carbon (DOC) content and its ratio with Soil organic carbon (SOC/DOC) were in order of red soil > black soil > fluvo-aquic soil (P<0.05), A₂₅₄ value was in order of black soil > fluvo-aquic soil > red soil, while SUVA₂₅₄ value was in order of fluvo-aquic soil > black soil > red soil (P<0.05), suggesting that DOM of fluvo-aquic soil had the highest aromatization degree but lower aromatic content than those of black soil, while DOM of red soil had the lowest aromatic content and aromatization degree. The fluorescence emissio n spectral humification index (HIX_em) and fluorescence efficiency (F_eff) were in order of red soil > black soil > fluvo-aquic soil (P<0.05), demonstrating that DOM humification degree and π-electron conjugate group contents were higher in red soil than those of fluvo-aquic soil and black soil. The fluorescence index (FI) was in order of red soil > fluvo-aquic soil>black soil (P<0.05), showing that DOM of red soil contained more microbial components than those of fluvo-aquic soil and black soil. Fluorescence synchronous spectra showed that DOM of fluvo-aquic soil and black soil mainly contained protein-like groups and DOM of red soil mainly contained lignin-like groups. The extraction ratios of DOM were significantly differenced among the three kinds of soils due to their different potential DOM adsorption capacities which were derived from the differences in the contents of SOM and clays and clay mineral types.