To find the scientific fertilization mode for improving soil fertility and environment, wheat continuous cropping and wheat-pea rotation in Changwu County of Shaanxi Province on the Loess Plateau were chosen as the research objects in this study. 30 a long-term fertilization experiments, including application of nitrogen, phosphorus and manure (NPM), application of nitrogen and phosphorus (NP), application of single nitrogen (N), application of single phosphorus (P), application of single manure (M), and no fertilization (CK), were carried out to monitor and determine the changes of soil organic matter, alkali nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium, total phosphorus and potassium, as well as soil fertility represented by integrated fertility index (IFI). The results showed that:1)Soil nutrient contents in wheat-pea rotation were generally higher than those in wheat continuous cropping under different fertilization treatments. Application of nitrogen phosphorus and manure significantly increased nutrient contents under the two tillage systems. 2)IFI was in order of wheat-pea + NPM > wheat cropping + NPM > wheat-pea rotation + NP, wheat cropping + NP> wheat-pea + P, wheat cropping + P > wheat cropping + M > wheat-pea > wheat cropping. 3)IFI was significantly correlated with organic matter, total phosphorus and nitrogen, available phosphorus in wheat continuous cropping, while positively correlated with alkali solution nitrogen and total phosphorus in wheat-pea rotation. In summary, IFI can reflect soil fertility condition, soil fertility of NPM treatment is higher than single fertilization, soil fertility under wheat-pea rotation is higher than wheat continuous cropping, different tillage systems differently influence the correlation between soil nutrient and fertility.