In this study, the Huaibei Plain was taken as the investigation area, maize yield and 0-20 cm topsoil physiochemical properties of 48 sampling sites in Shajiang black soil area were analyzed. The results showed that in the east and west of Guoyang County, the south of Mengcheng County and the north of Huaiyuan County, maize yield was more than 8.7 t/hm², and soil bulk density in these areas was small. In the north of Mengcheng County, maize yield was less than 7 t/hm², and soil bulk density was the highest, with an average of more than 1.6 g/cm³. The content of soil organic carbon in Guoyang County was the highest, with an average of 15.4 g/kg, which was 28.3% and 55.9% higher than those in Huaiyuan County and Mengcheng County, respectively. The total and available soil nutrients did not change significantly with the grade of maize yield. The correlation analysis showed that maize yield was negatively correlated with soil penetration resistance (r=-0.348, P<0.05) and soil bulk density (r=-0.484, P<0.01), but positively correlated with soil organic carbon (r=0.421, P<0.01). Therefore, soil physical properties and soil organic carbon are the key factors affecting maize yield in this area.