Abstract:Oil peony (Paeoniasuffruticosa Andr.) is the new woody edible oil plant in China, but the safe production of oil peony growing in heavy metal polluted soil is still unclear. In this study, a survey of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) pollution in oil peony planting land around a mining area in west of Yunnan Province was conducted, and the field experiments were also carried out to study the feasibility of chemical stabilization remediation for safe production of oil peony in moderately and severely polluted soils. The survey results showed that Cd and Pb pollution were very serious in the soils and plant edible parts of oil peony planting land, and there were 100% and 82.8% soil samples with Cd and Pb concentrations exceeding the risk screening value (GB 15618—2018), respectively. Due to the serious soil pollution, Cd and Pb concentrations in oil peony seeds and Cd concentration in peony barks sampled from the polluted soils all had high exceeding rates. In the moderately and severely polluted soils, chemical stabilization remediation had no significant effects on the survival rate and plant height of oil peony, but increased the root biomass and root length of oil peony. The combined application of lime and sepiolite decreased soil CaCl2 extracted Cd and Pb concentrations by 55.8% and 59.2%, respectively, and the efficiency of stabilization increased with the dosage of stabilizing agents. No significant differences was found in Pb concentrations in peony bark, but soil remediation decreased Cd concentration in peony bark significantly. However, Cd concentration in peony bark was still high in the severely polluted soils after remediation. Thus, more stabilizing agent should be applied to ensure the safe production of oil peony in moderately and severely polluted soils, and the cooperative monitoring of Cd and Pb in soil and agricultural products should be enhanced.