The phenomenon of blind high-input of phosphorus is still existed at present in vegetable production in the pursuit of high yield. Although sustained high-input of phosphate fertilizer has resulted in soil phosphorus pool in vegetable fields being more abundant than in grain fields, phosphorus in soil is easily fixed to form invalid phosphorus. High input of phosphate fertilizer not only leads to low utilization of fertilizer in season, but also brings great environmental risks by high phosphorus accumulation in the soil. However, phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) can transform insoluble phosphorus into available one by their own metabolism function, which directly affects the turnover of soil phosphorus and the supply of phosphorus. This paper discussed the characteristics of soil PSMs in vegetable fields, their role in regulating rhizosphere phosphorus turnover and utilization by vegetable, and in preventing and controlling of non-point source pollution, the effects of phosphate fertilizer and carbon source types on PSMs, as well as further research direction of efficient application of PSMs. The aim of this paper is to provide theoretical support for improving the utilization of seasonal phosphate fertilizer and making full use of phosphorus accumulated in vegetable fields in order to further reduce environmental risks.