含木醋液水溶肥对干热风胁迫下小麦生长的影响
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S210.5045;S210.2080

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山东省重点研发计划项目(2019GSF109044)、财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-03)和2020年度山东省重点扶持区域引进急需紧缺人才项目资助。


Effect of Water-Soluble Fertilizer Containing Wood Vinegar on Wheat Growth Under Dry-hot Wind Stress
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    摘要:

    为明确在干热风胁迫下含木醋液水溶肥(简称木肥)对小麦生长的影响,以济麦22为研究对象,采用盆栽试验,通过设置清水、木肥、市购水溶肥(简称市购)、含海藻酸水溶肥(简称海肥)4个处理,研究了干热风胁迫3d情况下,木肥对小麦生长、抗氧化酶活性、养分吸收的影响。结果表明:与清水处理相比,木肥处理使小麦产量、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重分别提高24.22%、8.85%、9.95% 和6.07%;秸秆、根重分别增加16.58% 和11.84%;叶绿素含量提高2.41% ~ 8.92%;籽粒氮含量提高6.28%;干热风胁迫处理后第1天(5月7日)所取叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别提高6.14%、105.32%、45.91%,丙二醛(MDA)含量降低6.76%。市购、海肥、木肥处理间相比,海肥处理的产量、穗粒数、千粒重和根重均最高,木肥处理的穗数、秸秆重最高,海肥、木肥处理的叶绿素含量基本显著高于市购处理,干热风胁迫处理后第9天(5月15日)所取叶片海肥处理的叶绿素含量显著高于木肥处理;海肥、木肥处理的秸秆钾含量高于市购处理,海肥处理的根钾含量高于市购处理,海肥、木肥处理的籽粒氮、磷、钾含量均高于市购处理;海肥、木肥处理的SOD、POD、CAT活性、5月7日所取叶片的MDA含量均高于市购处理。综合各项结果,在轻干热风胁迫3 d情况下,含木醋液水溶肥能显著提高小麦产量和穗粒数,主要原因是促进了小麦籽粒氮的吸收及干物质的累积,提高了小麦叶片合成叶绿素的能力,提高了抗氧化酶活性,降低小麦叶片膜脂过氧化程度,进而提高了小麦抗干热风的能力。

    Abstract:

    A pot experiment was conducted with wheat variety Jimai-22 to understand the effect of water-soluble fertilizer containing wood vinegar (wood-fertilizer) on the growth, antioxidant enzyme activity and nutrient absorption of wheat under the less stress of dry and hot. Four treatments were designed including 1) clean water (CK), 2) wood-fertilizer, 3) conventional water-soluble fertilizer from market (market-fertilizer), and 4) water-soluble fertilizer containing alginate (alginate-fertilizer). The results showed that, compared with CK, wood-fertilizer treatment increased the yield, spike number, grains number per spike and 1000-kernel weight of wheat by 24.22%, 8.85%, 9.95% and 6.07%, respectively, increased straw and root weights, chlorophyll content in leaves, and nitrogen content in grains by 16.58%, 11.84%, 2.41%-8.92% and 6.28%, respectively. Meanwhile, wood-fertilizer treatment increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) by 6.14%, 105.32% and 45.91%, respectively, but decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 6.76% in wheat leaves sampled on the ist day after dry-hot wind stress (May 7). Alginate-fertilizer treatment had the highest of yield, grain number per spike, 1000-kernel weight and root weight, while, wood-fertilizer treatment got the highest of spike number and straws weight. Chlorophyll contents in leaves under alginate-fertilizer and wood-fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than that of market-fertilizer, chlorophyll content in leaves sampled on the 9th day after dry-hot wind stress (May 15) was significantly higher under alginate-fertilizer treatment than that of the wood-fertilizer treatment. Potassium content in straws, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in grains, SOD, POD, CAT activities and MDA content in leaves sampled on May 7 under alginate-fertilizer and wood-fertilizer treatments were higher than those of market-fertilizer treatment. Potassium content in roots under alginate-fertilizer treatment was higher than that of market-fertilizer treatment. In conclusion, wood-fertilizer can improve significantly the yield and grain number per spike of wheat under the less stress of dry-hot wind within 3 days, which is attributed to the increase in chlorophyll synthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity and decrease membrane lipid peroxidation of wheat leaves owing to the promotion in nitrogen absorption and dry matter accumulation in grains.

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张玉凤,刘兆辉,田慎重,边文范,董亮,谭德水,李瑞琴.含木醋液水溶肥对干热风胁迫下小麦生长的影响[J].土壤,2021,53(3):499-504. ZHANG Yufeng, LIU Zhaohui, TIAN Shenzhong, BIAN Wenfan, DONG Liang, TAN Deshui, LI Ruiqin. Effect of Water-Soluble Fertilizer Containing Wood Vinegar on Wheat Growth Under Dry-hot Wind Stress[J]. Soils,2021,53(3):499-504

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  • 收稿日期:2020-04-24
  • 最后修改日期:2020-08-22
  • 录用日期:2020-08-27
  • 在线发布日期: 2021-06-18
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