In order to investigate the relationship between the quality of Chinese honeysuckle in genuine producing area and soil fertility, 100 representative soil samples were collected from Pingyi County and Fei County in Linyi City of Shandong Province and used for the point-to-point survey and analysis of soil and honeysuckle quality. Based on the evaluation indexes of soil fertility (such as soil pH, organic matter, available phosphorus, rapidly available potassium, total nitrogen, total potassium, available iron, available manganese, available zinc, available boron and soil texture), soil integrated fertility index (IFI) was calculated to analyze the relationship between soil fertility indexes and honeysuckle growth and quality indexes. Results showed that soils for honeysuckle planting in the study area were rich in total nitrogen and available phosphorus but deficient in organic matter and rapidly available potassium. Soil IFI was ranged from 0.2 to 0.75 with an average of 0.45, which indicated a low soil fertility. Positive correlation existed between soil IFI and honeysuckle crown. Besides, soil available boron was the main limiting factor of soil fertility and sandy loam was the most suitable soil type for honeysuckle growth. Chlorogenic acid content in honeysuckle had positive correlation with soil total phosphorus but galuteolin content had negative correlation with soil total nitrogen and soil IFI. Overall, sandy loam with lower IFI was more beneficial for improving honeysuckle quality which might be the reason why honeysuckle showed good quality in the study. This study can provide certain references and directions for soil selection, standardized planting, and nutrition management in local honeysuckle production.