Soil soluble organic matter (DOM) is a highly active component of soil organic matter, which plays an important role in regulating the biogeochemical cycle of soil nutrient elements, the migration and conversion of heavy metals and organic pollutants, the activation of soil minerals and the maintenance of soil fertility. Agronomic measures can significantly affect the content and composition of soil DOM through the simultaneous effect of internal and external sources. Through analyzing the changes of soil DOM in recent years under different agronomic measures in the related studies, the effects of different tillage methods, planting systems, fertilization and new soil ameliorants on the physicochemical properties and biological components of soil DOM were summarized in this review. The results showed that no-tillage combined with straw mulching could significantly increase soil DOM content. Compared with single tillage, the rotation could significantly increase soil DOM content, besides, green manure combined with organic fertilizer could significantly improve soil DOM composition and structure compared with single chemical fertilizer application. Applying soil conditioners such as pyrolysis biochar and hydrochar at appropriate time, amount and C/N ratio could optimize structure and performance of soil DOM. Meanwhile, the effect and mechanism of agronomic measures on soil DOM and the hot spots and difficulties of current research were discussed, and the future research directions were proposed. This review can provide scientific guidance for the rational management of agronomic measures and soil health regulation in the future.