In order to explore the effects of different concentration of spraying sorbitol chelated calcium (Ca²⁺) on the growth and nutrient absorption of peanuts, a field experiment was conducted with Huayu 22 as experimental material. Based on the application of base fertilizer, five Ca²⁺spray concentrations were set up: 0 g/L (CK), 1.4 g/L (T1), 1.6 g/L (T2), 1.8 g/L (T3) and 2.0 g/L (T4), and their effects on photosynthesis, yield and quality of peanuts, dry matter accumulation, the contents of potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in various organs of peanuts were determined. The results show that: 1) Compared with CK, spraying sorbitol-chelated calcium can increase leaf SPAD value and promote peanut photosynthesis, especially in the pod setting stage; 2) Spraying sorbitol-chelated calcium can improve the yield, crude fat and crude protein contents, which are increased by 11.48%, 5.74% and 7.82% respectively under T2 compared with CK. 3) Spraying sorbitol-chelated calcium can significantly increase dry matter accumulation in kernels, effectively increase the dry matter ratio in peanut reproductive organs, and reduce the dry matter distribution in vegetative organs. The improvement effects of T3 are more prominent, followed by T2. 4) The effects of spraying sorbitol-chelated calcium on the contents of K, Ca and Mg are different in various organs of peanuts, but it generally promotes the absorption of nutrients in peanuts. The results of the principal component analysis show that the application of sorbitol-chelated calcium can significantly affect peanut growth under basic fertilization conditions. Generally speaking, the effect of spraying sorbitol-chelated calcium with Ca²⁺ concentration of 1.6 to 1.8 g/L is more prominent in the yield and quality of peanuts.