Based on the spatial land use database of Tuojiang River Basin in 2000 and 2020 year, the complexity, stability and dynamic change of the spatial structure of land use were quantitatively analyzed by using GIS technology and fractal theory. The results show that: 1) All land use types has fractal characteristics. Fractal dimension can represent the change of land use spatial pattern. 2) In the past 20 years, the main land use types in Tuojiang River Basin are cultivated and forest lands, accounting for more than 90% of the total area. Affected by human activities, there is a process of mutual transformation between different land use types. The main characteristics of land transformation are that cultivated and forest lands decreases in a large area, while urban and rural construction land expands rapidly. 3) The total fractal dimension of land use is increased from 1.351 to 1.503, the stability index of the overall spatial structure of land use is decreased from 0.149 to 0.003, which indicate that the spatial mosaic structure of land tends to be more complex and the stability become worse. 4) There are some differences in fractal dimensions and stability indexes of different land use types. Except for unused land, the fractal dimensions of other land use types tend to increase, and the spatial mosaic structure tends to be complex. The stability indexes of cultivated, forest, grass and urban and rural construction lands are decreased by 80.137%, 52.439%, 55.556% and 26.957% respectively, and the spatial structure tends to be unstable, while the stability index of water area become larger and its spatial structure tends to be stable