A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different liquid organic fertilizers on cotton growth and soil nutrients in order to determine the most suitable type of liquid organic fertilizer for drip irrigated cotton fields in Xinjiang. Five treatments were setup:no fertilizer (CK), conventional fertilizer (CF), liquid organic fertilizer containing amino acids (AF), liquid organic fertilizer containing humic acid (HF) and acidic organic fertilizer extract (BF). Soil nutrients, the growth, leaf photosynthetic, yield and nutrient utilization of cotton were analyzed. The results showed that compared with CF, different liquid organic fertilizers could promote cotton growth and increase soil available nutrient contents. Among them, AF significantly increased stomatal conductance (G_s) of leaves by 7.18%, HF significantly increased plant height, stem thickness, leaf transpiration rate (T_r) and total root surface area by 6.38%, 3.92%, 11.01% and 14.52%-11.84%, respectively, and highest in stem and root biomass. BF significantly increased the total root length by 41.2% to 49.48%, and strongest in the net photosynthetic rate (P_n) of leaves, highest in the number of bolls per plant and fiber yield, and significantly increased the boll, seed and whole plant biomass by 27.91%, 11.83% and 9.76%. AF, HF and BF significantly increased the content of soil available phosphorus, BF significantly reduced soil pH, and highest in the contents of soil organic matter, available N and K. BF significantly increased fertilizer partial factor productivity, agronomic efficiency and fertilizer contribution rate by 5.83%-19.33% compared to the CF treatment, and also significantly higher than other treatments. All three organic liquids could promote dry matter accumulation, increase cotton yield, improve soil nutrients and fertilizer use efficiency, among which acidic organic fertilizer extract had the best results. Therefore, the application of acidic organic fertilizer extract in drip irrigated cotton fields can achieve higher cotton yield and fertilizer use efficiency, thus is conducive to the sustainable development of drip irrigated cotton fields in Xinjiang.