A two-month laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to explore effects of different exogenous carbon input on soil nutrients and enzyme activities with soil collected from Moso bamboo forest in Huajiang Township of Guilin City, Guangxi Province. Five treatments were setup, which included the control (CK), addition of bamboo biochar with a low rate (1%BC), addition of bamboo biochar with a high rate (2%BC), addition of bamboo litter with a low rate (1%L), and addition of bamboo litter with a high rate (2%L). The results showed that the addition of biochar and litter significantly increased soil pH compared with CK. The addition of biochar significantly decreased while the addition of litter significantly increased soil NH₄⁺-N concentration (P<0.05), and the effects were more significant in the high addition rates (2%BC and 2%L) than in the low addition rates (1%BC and 1%L). The addition of different exogenous carbon significantly increased soil NO₃^--N concentration, and the effect was more significant in litter addition than in biochar addition. Soil available phosphorus (AP) concentration was also significantly increased by different exogenous carbon additions, and the effect was more significant in the high addition rates than in the low addition rates. Biochar addition had no significant effect on soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, but decreased soil dissolved nitrogen (DN) concentration, while litter addition significantly increased soil DOC and DN concentrations. The concentrations of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) were not significantly affected by different exogenous carbon additions, but the activities of both sucrase and urease were decreased. Correlation analysis showed that soil pH, NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N, DOC and DN were the key factors affecting soil enzyme activities in Moso bamboo forest soil.