Antarctic soil metazoa is one of the most valuable bio-resources on the earth. Its adaptation of extremely harsh soil habitats and ecological functions has always been one of the leading topics in evolution and soil ecology. Nematode Plectus murrayi is one of the dominant continental organisms only found in Antarctica, and it is merging as a model organism for studying on evolutionary biology in high stresses environment. This study aims to review the current studies of its phylogeny, distribution, life cycle and the development in the laboratory, as well as its freezing and desiccation tolerance on a genetic level. Compared to other Antarctic nematodes, P. murrayi prefers relative higher moisture and lower salinity soil habitats, which might be consistent with its broad distribution in more productive habitats of Antarctica. Due to the temperature and humidity increasing in Antarctic McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV), P. murrayi may become into the dominant continental animal in Antarctic deserts. By researching on P. murrayi, we hope to be able to explore new connections between its adaptation and functional genes that are responsible for stress tolerance and stoichiometric constraints (including the GRH and genomic streamlining). Based on studies of short-term and long-term responses of P. murrayi to environmental stresses in Antarctica, it is possible to reveal the relationship between the evolution and ecosystem complexity, as well as the role of elemental stoichiometry in shaping communities from more complex ecosystems.