A pot experiment was conducted to understand the effects of different carbon sources (fructose (GT), sucrose (ZT) and cellulose (XWS)) on the transformation of phosphorus (P) form in soil and P uptake by maize with the lime concretion (Shajiang) black soils of Anhui Province. The results showed as follows:1) Soil Olsen-P content firstly increased and then decreased with time, after thinning for 7 days the content of Olsen-P under GT treatment reached the maximum, and after 15 days the content of Olsen-P under XWS treatment reached the maximum. After 90 days, compared with CK, GT and ZT, the content of Olsen-P under XWS treatment was significantly increased by 79.74%, 54.03% and 30.03% (P<0.05), respectively;2) After 90 days, compared to CK, XWS treatments significantly reduced the contents of Fe-P and Ca₁₀-P, and increased the contents of Ca₈-P, while no significant difference was found in the contents of Ca₂-P among CK, GT and ZT treatments. Compared with CK, XWS treatment significantly increased the contents of active organophosphorus (LOP) and moderately active organophosphorus (MLOP), and decreased the content of moderately stable organophosphorus (MROP). 3) Under XWS treatment, soil DOC content and phosphatase activity were increased, but soil pH and exchangeable calcium content were decreased, which were important factors influencing the increase of soil P availability. 4) Compared with CK, GT and ZT treatments, P uptake of maize under XWS treatment was significantly increased by 46.20%, 19.05% and 19.28%. The results show that compared with low molecular weight carbon sources (fructose and sucrose), high molecular weight carbon sources (cellulose) have better long-term effectiveness in improving soil P availability and P absorption in maize, which provide important information for the regulation and effectiveness of soil P conversion by using carbon sources in farmland ecosystems.