In this study, about 1 130 hm² of farmland soils were selected as the study object in Chengjiang City at the north bank of Fuxian Lake, Yunnan Province, soil quality was evaluated by investigating and analyzing physical and chemical properties, and the main constraint factors for tobacco planting were further analyzed using spatial analysis, correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that soils were relatively clayey (mean clay content 496.7 g/kg), alkaline (mean pH 7.45), high nutrient contents (mean organic matter 28.55 g/kg, hydrolyzed nitrogen 119.10 mg/kg, available phosphorus 68.85 mg/kg, available potassium 208.44 mg/kg, and available Mn 28.14 mg/kg), but soil properties varied greatly in space. Soil basic fertility, farming management, texture, acidity and alkalinity, and Mn were the main constraint factors affecting soil fertility, these factors can be evaluated by indicators such as organic matter, available potassium, clay, pH, available Mn and so on, and can guide soil management for tobacco planting. The amelioration measures should be taken according to soil properties, nutrient requirements, and spatial variation in the management of tobacco planting soil.