Phytoremediation technology, as an economic and environmentally friendly treatment method, has attracted increasing attentions from researchers at home and abroad due to its characteristics of carbon fixation and reduction, low cost, and no secondary pollution. Based on the ecological toxicity characteristics of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) to plants, which have low sensitivity and strong enrichment ability, this paper compared the remediation efficiencies of different plant species, reviewed the mechanism of current phytoremediation technology, and summarized the factors influencing phytoremediation. Based on the effects of plant types, pollutant characteristics and soil properties on phytoremediation, it proposed that the efficiency of remediation could be improved by adding soil amendments and inoculating endophytic bacteria. Thus, the “zero carbon emission” approach of remediation technology for BaP pollution in soil can be realized.