In order to improve the utilization of straw and increase soil organic matter by excavating low-temperature-resistant cellulose-degrading bacteria and constructing synthetic bacterial consortium (SynCom), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) selective medium and congo red discriminating medium were used to screen cellulose-utilizing strains from soil under long-term straw return. Through temperature control experiments, CMC enzyme activity and straw degradation rate were measured to explore the low-temperature degradation potential of the strains. Meanwhile, Arthrobacter sphaeroides AS-3 isolated from Antarctica (deposited in the Chinese Collection of Typical Cultures, CCTCC) was selected as a positive control, and the construction of low-temperature-resistant SynCom and the determination of the degradation level of maize stover were carried out. The results showed that the single bacteria CN8, CN10 and CN16 (all are Bacillus sp.) effectively degraded corn straw at low temperature, while SynCom D constructed by the bacteria enhanced the degradation of corn straw more efficiently. The degradation rate of corn straw reached more than 26% after 30 d of incubation at a constant temperature of 15 ℃, which was more than the degradation rate of the single bacteria and the positive control strains. In conclusion, the low-temperature-resistant SynCom D has strong straw degradation ability, can enrich the beneficial microbial resources in the northeastern black soil, thus has a good application prospect and provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of straw resources in low-temperature habitats.